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        <description>Economic Research Southern Africa (ERSA) is a platform that supports the development of economic policy by connecting economic research to national policy debate and identifying areas of future research. Our network draws a broad and representative range of economic researchers and policy makers from a variety of academic, financial and government institutions. In this way, ERSA encourages the creation, dissemination and discussion of independent and expert economic policy-oriented research.</description>
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                <itunes:subtitle>Economic Research Southern Africa (ERSA) is a platform that supports the development of economic policy by connecting economic research to national policy debate and identifying areas of future research. Our network draws a broad and representative range of economic researchers and policy makers from a variety of academic, financial and government institutions. In this way, ERSA encourages the creation, dissemination and discussion of independent and expert economic policy-oriented research.</itunes:subtitle>
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        <itunes:summary>Economic Research Southern Africa (ERSA) is a platform that supports the development of economic policy by connecting economic research to national policy debate and identifying areas of future research. Our network draws a broad and representative range of economic researchers and policy makers from a variety of academic, financial and government institutions. In this way, ERSA encourages the creation, dissemination and discussion of independent and expert economic policy-oriented research.</itunes:summary>
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                    <![CDATA[South Africa’s Labour Market at 30: Progress, Stagnation, and Structural Constraints]]>
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                <pubDate>Fri, 20 Feb 2026 06:57:18 +0000</pubDate>
                <dc:creator>Economic Research Southern Africa</dc:creator>
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                                    <link>https://economic-research-southern-africa-1.castos.com/episodes/south-africas-labour-market-at-30-progress-stagnation-and-structural-constraints</link>
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                                            <![CDATA[Thirty years after democracy, South Africa’s labour market remains deeply strained. Despite major policy reform and rising educational attainment, unemployment remains among the highest in the world, with youth unemployment reaching 62.4% in early 2025. Racial and gender gaps in employment and earnings continue to shape economic inequality in South Africa. In this episode, ERSA’s host speaks with Professor Vimal Ranchhod, Professor of Economics at the University of Cape Town, about research examining South Africa’s labour market from 1994 to today. Using national survey data, the research traces long-run employment and earnings trends across race, gender, education, and sectors of […]]]>
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                    <![CDATA[Thirty years after democracy, South Africa’s labour market remains deeply strained. Despite major policy reform and rising educational attainment, unemployment remains among the highest in the world, with youth unemployment reaching 62.4% in early 2025. Racial and gender gaps in employment and earnings continue to shape economic inequality in South Africa. In this episode, ERSA’s host speaks with Professor Vimal Ranchhod, Professor of Economics at the University of Cape Town, about research examining South Africa’s labour market from 1994 to today. Using national survey data, the research traces long-run employment and earnings trends across race, gender, education, and sectors of […]]]>
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                                <itunes:title>
                    <![CDATA[South Africa’s Labour Market at 30: Progress, Stagnation, and Structural Constraints]]>
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                    <![CDATA[Thirty years after democracy, South Africa’s labour market remains deeply strained. Despite major policy reform and rising educational attainment, unemployment remains among the highest in the world, with youth unemployment reaching 62.4% in early 2025. Racial and gender gaps in employment and earnings continue to shape economic inequality in South Africa. In this episode, ERSA’s host speaks with Professor Vimal Ranchhod, Professor of Economics at the University of Cape Town, about research examining South Africa’s labour market from 1994 to today. Using national survey data, the research traces long-run employment and earnings trends across race, gender, education, and sectors of […]]]>
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                    <![CDATA[Thirty years after democracy, South Africa’s labour market remains deeply strained. Despite major policy reform and rising educational attainment, unemployment remains among the highest in the world, with youth unemployment reaching 62.4% in early 2025. Racial and gender gaps in employment and earnings continue to shape economic inequality in South Africa. In this episode, ERSA’s host speaks with Professor Vimal Ranchhod, Professor of Economics at the University of Cape Town, about research examining South Africa’s labour market from 1994 to today. Using national survey data, the research traces long-run employment and earnings trends across race, gender, education, and sectors of […]]]>
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                                                                            <itunes:duration>00:26:04</itunes:duration>
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                    <![CDATA[Economic Research Southern Africa]]>
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                    <![CDATA[Priced out: Africa’s voice on the cost of capital]]>
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                <pubDate>Fri, 31 Oct 2025 01:21:08 +0000</pubDate>
                <dc:creator>Economic Research Southern Africa</dc:creator>
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                                    <link>https://economic-research-southern-africa-1.castos.com/episodes/priced-out-africas-voice-on-the-cost-of-capital</link>
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                                            <![CDATA[The upcoming G20 Summit in November is the first G20 Summit to be held on the African continent. This historical event marks the continent’s growing role in governance and focuses on the theme Solidarity, Equality, Sustainability. In today’s podcast ERSA’s host sits down with Olawunmi Ola-Basuri, the Political Impact Manager at ONE Campaign and Richmond Commodore, a Senior Economist at the African Center for Economic Transformation (ACET), to demystify the cost of capital in Africa, and how it impacts Africa’s future. Across the continent, countries are paying some of the highest borrowing costs in the world. What is underneath this? Is […]]]>
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                    <![CDATA[The upcoming G20 Summit in November is the first G20 Summit to be held on the African continent. This historical event marks the continent’s growing role in governance and focuses on the theme Solidarity, Equality, Sustainability. In today’s podcast ERSA’s host sits down with Olawunmi Ola-Basuri, the Political Impact Manager at ONE Campaign and Richmond Commodore, a Senior Economist at the African Center for Economic Transformation (ACET), to demystify the cost of capital in Africa, and how it impacts Africa’s future. Across the continent, countries are paying some of the highest borrowing costs in the world. What is underneath this? Is […]]]>
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                                <itunes:title>
                    <![CDATA[Priced out: Africa’s voice on the cost of capital]]>
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                    <![CDATA[The upcoming G20 Summit in November is the first G20 Summit to be held on the African continent. This historical event marks the continent’s growing role in governance and focuses on the theme Solidarity, Equality, Sustainability. In today’s podcast ERSA’s host sits down with Olawunmi Ola-Basuri, the Political Impact Manager at ONE Campaign and Richmond Commodore, a Senior Economist at the African Center for Economic Transformation (ACET), to demystify the cost of capital in Africa, and how it impacts Africa’s future. Across the continent, countries are paying some of the highest borrowing costs in the world. What is underneath this? Is […]]]>
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                    <![CDATA[The upcoming G20 Summit in November is the first G20 Summit to be held on the African continent. This historical event marks the continent’s growing role in governance and focuses on the theme Solidarity, Equality, Sustainability. In today’s podcast ERSA’s host sits down with Olawunmi Ola-Basuri, the Political Impact Manager at ONE Campaign and Richmond Commodore, a Senior Economist at the African Center for Economic Transformation (ACET), to demystify the cost of capital in Africa, and how it impacts Africa’s future. Across the continent, countries are paying some of the highest borrowing costs in the world. What is underneath this? Is […]]]>
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                                                                            <itunes:duration>00:35:23</itunes:duration>
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                    <![CDATA[Economic Research Southern Africa]]>
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                    <![CDATA[The Role of Development Finance in Industrial Policy]]>
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                <pubDate>Thu, 30 Oct 2025 23:30:25 +0000</pubDate>
                <dc:creator>Economic Research Southern Africa</dc:creator>
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                                            <![CDATA[Industrial policy is once again central to global debates on economic growth and development. Governments worldwide are deploying new strategies to stay competitive amid geopolitical shifts, climate imperatives and rapid technological change. South Africa is no exception. The International Economic Partnership (IEP) Programme invites you to listen to a four-part webinar series on industrial policy. The fourth and final session, chaired by Margaux G, focuses on The Role of Development Finance in Industrial Policy. This webinar explores how development finance can catalyse investment, innovation, and inclusive economic growth, while aligning with broader macroeconomic and sustainability goals. Together Antonio Adreoni, Adria Rius, Annie […]]]>
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                    <![CDATA[Industrial policy is once again central to global debates on economic growth and development. Governments worldwide are deploying new strategies to stay competitive amid geopolitical shifts, climate imperatives and rapid technological change. South Africa is no exception. The International Economic Partnership (IEP) Programme invites you to listen to a four-part webinar series on industrial policy. The fourth and final session, chaired by Margaux G, focuses on The Role of Development Finance in Industrial Policy. This webinar explores how development finance can catalyse investment, innovation, and inclusive economic growth, while aligning with broader macroeconomic and sustainability goals. Together Antonio Adreoni, Adria Rius, Annie […]]]>
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                                <itunes:title>
                    <![CDATA[The Role of Development Finance in Industrial Policy]]>
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                    <![CDATA[Industrial policy is once again central to global debates on economic growth and development. Governments worldwide are deploying new strategies to stay competitive amid geopolitical shifts, climate imperatives and rapid technological change. South Africa is no exception. The International Economic Partnership (IEP) Programme invites you to listen to a four-part webinar series on industrial policy. The fourth and final session, chaired by Margaux G, focuses on The Role of Development Finance in Industrial Policy. This webinar explores how development finance can catalyse investment, innovation, and inclusive economic growth, while aligning with broader macroeconomic and sustainability goals. Together Antonio Adreoni, Adria Rius, Annie […]]]>
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                    <![CDATA[Industrial policy is once again central to global debates on economic growth and development. Governments worldwide are deploying new strategies to stay competitive amid geopolitical shifts, climate imperatives and rapid technological change. South Africa is no exception. The International Economic Partnership (IEP) Programme invites you to listen to a four-part webinar series on industrial policy. The fourth and final session, chaired by Margaux G, focuses on The Role of Development Finance in Industrial Policy. This webinar explores how development finance can catalyse investment, innovation, and inclusive economic growth, while aligning with broader macroeconomic and sustainability goals. Together Antonio Adreoni, Adria Rius, Annie […]]]>
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                                                                            <itunes:duration>01:59:35</itunes:duration>
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                    <![CDATA[Economic Research Southern Africa]]>
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                    <![CDATA[Public Procurement as an Industrial Policy Lever]]>
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                <pubDate>Thu, 30 Oct 2025 23:08:14 +0000</pubDate>
                <dc:creator>Economic Research Southern Africa</dc:creator>
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                                            <![CDATA[Industrial policy is once again central to global debates on economic growth and development. Governments worldwide are deploying new strategies to stay competitive amid geopolitical shifts, climate imperatives and rapid technological change. South Africa is no exception. The International Economic Partnership (IEP) Programme invites you to listen to a four-part webinar series on industrial policy. The third session chaired by Fouché Venter, focuses on Public Procurement as an Industrial Policy Lever. This webinar explores how local content regulations, preferential procurement, and public sector demand can stimulate industry while aligning with broader structural reforms and international trade commitments. Together Philipp Lamprecht, Annie Sugrue, […]]]>
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                    <![CDATA[Industrial policy is once again central to global debates on economic growth and development. Governments worldwide are deploying new strategies to stay competitive amid geopolitical shifts, climate imperatives and rapid technological change. South Africa is no exception. The International Economic Partnership (IEP) Programme invites you to listen to a four-part webinar series on industrial policy. The third session chaired by Fouché Venter, focuses on Public Procurement as an Industrial Policy Lever. This webinar explores how local content regulations, preferential procurement, and public sector demand can stimulate industry while aligning with broader structural reforms and international trade commitments. Together Philipp Lamprecht, Annie Sugrue, […]]]>
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                    <![CDATA[Public Procurement as an Industrial Policy Lever]]>
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                    <![CDATA[Industrial policy is once again central to global debates on economic growth and development. Governments worldwide are deploying new strategies to stay competitive amid geopolitical shifts, climate imperatives and rapid technological change. South Africa is no exception. The International Economic Partnership (IEP) Programme invites you to listen to a four-part webinar series on industrial policy. The third session chaired by Fouché Venter, focuses on Public Procurement as an Industrial Policy Lever. This webinar explores how local content regulations, preferential procurement, and public sector demand can stimulate industry while aligning with broader structural reforms and international trade commitments. Together Philipp Lamprecht, Annie Sugrue, […]]]>
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                    <![CDATA[Industrial policy is once again central to global debates on economic growth and development. Governments worldwide are deploying new strategies to stay competitive amid geopolitical shifts, climate imperatives and rapid technological change. South Africa is no exception. The International Economic Partnership (IEP) Programme invites you to listen to a four-part webinar series on industrial policy. The third session chaired by Fouché Venter, focuses on Public Procurement as an Industrial Policy Lever. This webinar explores how local content regulations, preferential procurement, and public sector demand can stimulate industry while aligning with broader structural reforms and international trade commitments. Together Philipp Lamprecht, Annie Sugrue, […]]]>
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                                                                            <itunes:duration>01:56:50</itunes:duration>
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                    <![CDATA[Economic Research Southern Africa]]>
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                    <![CDATA[The Role of Industrial Incentives in the South African Economy]]>
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                <pubDate>Thu, 30 Oct 2025 22:45:39 +0000</pubDate>
                <dc:creator>Economic Research Southern Africa</dc:creator>
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                                            <![CDATA[Industrial policy is once again central to global debates on economic growth and development. Governments worldwide are deploying new strategies to stay competitive amid geopolitical shifts, climate imperatives and rapid technological change. South Africa is no exception. The International Economic Partnership (IEP) Programme invites you to listen to policymakers and experts for a four-part webinar series on industrial policy. The second of these webinars is chaired by Lauralyn Kaziboni and focuses on the Role of Industrial Incentives in the South African Economy. This webinar critically examines the design, effectiveness, and future direction of South Africa’s industrial incentive framework as a driver of development.  […]]]>
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                    <![CDATA[Industrial policy is once again central to global debates on economic growth and development. Governments worldwide are deploying new strategies to stay competitive amid geopolitical shifts, climate imperatives and rapid technological change. South Africa is no exception. The International Economic Partnership (IEP) Programme invites you to listen to policymakers and experts for a four-part webinar series on industrial policy. The second of these webinars is chaired by Lauralyn Kaziboni and focuses on the Role of Industrial Incentives in the South African Economy. This webinar critically examines the design, effectiveness, and future direction of South Africa’s industrial incentive framework as a driver of development.  […]]]>
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                                <itunes:title>
                    <![CDATA[The Role of Industrial Incentives in the South African Economy]]>
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                    <![CDATA[Industrial policy is once again central to global debates on economic growth and development. Governments worldwide are deploying new strategies to stay competitive amid geopolitical shifts, climate imperatives and rapid technological change. South Africa is no exception. The International Economic Partnership (IEP) Programme invites you to listen to policymakers and experts for a four-part webinar series on industrial policy. The second of these webinars is chaired by Lauralyn Kaziboni and focuses on the Role of Industrial Incentives in the South African Economy. This webinar critically examines the design, effectiveness, and future direction of South Africa’s industrial incentive framework as a driver of development.  […]]]>
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                    <![CDATA[Industrial policy is once again central to global debates on economic growth and development. Governments worldwide are deploying new strategies to stay competitive amid geopolitical shifts, climate imperatives and rapid technological change. South Africa is no exception. The International Economic Partnership (IEP) Programme invites you to listen to policymakers and experts for a four-part webinar series on industrial policy. The second of these webinars is chaired by Lauralyn Kaziboni and focuses on the Role of Industrial Incentives in the South African Economy. This webinar critically examines the design, effectiveness, and future direction of South Africa’s industrial incentive framework as a driver of development.  […]]]>
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                                                                            <itunes:duration>02:02:59</itunes:duration>
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                    <![CDATA[Economic Research Southern Africa]]>
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                    <![CDATA[Growth Enhancing Infrastructure for Industrial Development]]>
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                <pubDate>Thu, 30 Oct 2025 22:19:48 +0000</pubDate>
                <dc:creator>Economic Research Southern Africa</dc:creator>
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                                            <![CDATA[Industrial policy is once again central to global debates on economic growth and development. Governments worldwide are deploying new strategies to stay competitive amid geopolitical shifts, climate imperatives and rapid technological change. South Africa is no exception. The International Economic Partnership (IEP) Programme invites you to listen to policymakers and experts for a four-part webinar series on industrial policy. The first of these webinars is chaired by Yash Ramkolowan and focuses on Growth Enhancing Infrastructure for Industrial Development. Infrastructure is the backbone of industrial development. Strategic investment in energy, transport, digital networks, and water systems can boost productivity, attract foreign investment, and enable […]]]>
                                    </description>
                <itunes:subtitle>
                    <![CDATA[Industrial policy is once again central to global debates on economic growth and development. Governments worldwide are deploying new strategies to stay competitive amid geopolitical shifts, climate imperatives and rapid technological change. South Africa is no exception. The International Economic Partnership (IEP) Programme invites you to listen to policymakers and experts for a four-part webinar series on industrial policy. The first of these webinars is chaired by Yash Ramkolowan and focuses on Growth Enhancing Infrastructure for Industrial Development. Infrastructure is the backbone of industrial development. Strategic investment in energy, transport, digital networks, and water systems can boost productivity, attract foreign investment, and enable […]]]>
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                                <itunes:title>
                    <![CDATA[Growth Enhancing Infrastructure for Industrial Development]]>
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                    <![CDATA[Industrial policy is once again central to global debates on economic growth and development. Governments worldwide are deploying new strategies to stay competitive amid geopolitical shifts, climate imperatives and rapid technological change. South Africa is no exception. The International Economic Partnership (IEP) Programme invites you to listen to policymakers and experts for a four-part webinar series on industrial policy. The first of these webinars is chaired by Yash Ramkolowan and focuses on Growth Enhancing Infrastructure for Industrial Development. Infrastructure is the backbone of industrial development. Strategic investment in energy, transport, digital networks, and water systems can boost productivity, attract foreign investment, and enable […]]]>
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                    <![CDATA[Industrial policy is once again central to global debates on economic growth and development. Governments worldwide are deploying new strategies to stay competitive amid geopolitical shifts, climate imperatives and rapid technological change. South Africa is no exception. The International Economic Partnership (IEP) Programme invites you to listen to policymakers and experts for a four-part webinar series on industrial policy. The first of these webinars is chaired by Yash Ramkolowan and focuses on Growth Enhancing Infrastructure for Industrial Development. Infrastructure is the backbone of industrial development. Strategic investment in energy, transport, digital networks, and water systems can boost productivity, attract foreign investment, and enable […]]]>
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                                                                            <itunes:duration>01:57:49</itunes:duration>
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                    <![CDATA[Economic Research Southern Africa]]>
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                    <![CDATA[Lessons in Progress: What 30 Years of Education Policy Teach Us]]>
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                <pubDate>Fri, 29 Aug 2025 15:19:24 +0000</pubDate>
                <dc:creator>Economic Research Southern Africa</dc:creator>
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                                    <link>https://economic-research-southern-africa-1.castos.com/episodes/lessons-in-progress-what-30-years-of-education-policy-teach-us</link>
                                <description>
                                            <![CDATA[Thirty years ago, South Africa’s education system emerged from apartheid with a mission to dismantle entrenched inequalities. Since then, policy has undergone major reforms to promote equality, strengthen foundational learning, and smooth the transition from secondary school into the workplace. In today’s podcast, ERSA’s host is joined by Professor Martin Gustafsson, Associate Professor at the University of Stellenbosch, to unpack his research “Basic Education Policy in South Africa: From 1994 till now”, co-authored with Kholosa Nonkenge from the Department of Basic Education. They explore how education has evolved since 1994: Where does South Africa stand internationally on foundational learning? What […]]]>
                                    </description>
                <itunes:subtitle>
                    <![CDATA[Thirty years ago, South Africa’s education system emerged from apartheid with a mission to dismantle entrenched inequalities. Since then, policy has undergone major reforms to promote equality, strengthen foundational learning, and smooth the transition from secondary school into the workplace. In today’s podcast, ERSA’s host is joined by Professor Martin Gustafsson, Associate Professor at the University of Stellenbosch, to unpack his research “Basic Education Policy in South Africa: From 1994 till now”, co-authored with Kholosa Nonkenge from the Department of Basic Education. They explore how education has evolved since 1994: Where does South Africa stand internationally on foundational learning? What […]]]>
                </itunes:subtitle>
                                <itunes:title>
                    <![CDATA[Lessons in Progress: What 30 Years of Education Policy Teach Us]]>
                </itunes:title>
                                                <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
                <content:encoded>
                    <![CDATA[Thirty years ago, South Africa’s education system emerged from apartheid with a mission to dismantle entrenched inequalities. Since then, policy has undergone major reforms to promote equality, strengthen foundational learning, and smooth the transition from secondary school into the workplace. In today’s podcast, ERSA’s host is joined by Professor Martin Gustafsson, Associate Professor at the University of Stellenbosch, to unpack his research “Basic Education Policy in South Africa: From 1994 till now”, co-authored with Kholosa Nonkenge from the Department of Basic Education. They explore how education has evolved since 1994: Where does South Africa stand internationally on foundational learning? What […]]]>
                </content:encoded>
                                    <enclosure url="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/2127433/c1e-dv0zdimjg1rhpd4d1-xx4644m5id97-x7lyum.mp3" length="47528726"
                        type="audio/mpeg">
                    </enclosure>
                                <itunes:summary>
                    <![CDATA[Thirty years ago, South Africa’s education system emerged from apartheid with a mission to dismantle entrenched inequalities. Since then, policy has undergone major reforms to promote equality, strengthen foundational learning, and smooth the transition from secondary school into the workplace. In today’s podcast, ERSA’s host is joined by Professor Martin Gustafsson, Associate Professor at the University of Stellenbosch, to unpack his research “Basic Education Policy in South Africa: From 1994 till now”, co-authored with Kholosa Nonkenge from the Department of Basic Education. They explore how education has evolved since 1994: Where does South Africa stand internationally on foundational learning? What […]]]>
                </itunes:summary>
                                    <itunes:image href="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/images/2127433/c1a-vjmd0-gpzmz988s7d2-qw3b9v.png"></itunes:image>
                                                                            <itunes:duration>00:49:31</itunes:duration>
                                                    <itunes:author>
                    <![CDATA[Economic Research Southern Africa]]>
                </itunes:author>
                            </item>
                    <item>
                <title>
                    <![CDATA[Tariff Turbulence: The Consequences of Recent US Tariff Increases for South African Exports]]>
                </title>
                <pubDate>Thu, 31 Jul 2025 09:55:38 +0000</pubDate>
                <dc:creator>Economic Research Southern Africa</dc:creator>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">
                    https://permalink.castos.com/podcast/57789/episode/2101958</guid>
                                    <link>https://economic-research-southern-africa-1.castos.com/episodes/tariff-turbulence-the-consequences-of-recent-us-tariff-increases-for-south-african-exports</link>
                                <description>
                                            <![CDATA[Awaiting the outcome of a trade deal between the United States and South Africa, reciprocal tariffs of 30% are set to be imposed on South African exports on 1 August 2025. With the USA being South Africa’s second biggest bilateral trade partner, after China, these tariffs are bound to impact the automotive, aluminium and steel industries especially. Over 80% of all products exported by SA to the US, will face the full brunt of the 30% reciprocal tariff increase. With such a profound impact on our economy it is important to explore how policy can respond such that it is […]]]>
                                    </description>
                <itunes:subtitle>
                    <![CDATA[Awaiting the outcome of a trade deal between the United States and South Africa, reciprocal tariffs of 30% are set to be imposed on South African exports on 1 August 2025. With the USA being South Africa’s second biggest bilateral trade partner, after China, these tariffs are bound to impact the automotive, aluminium and steel industries especially. Over 80% of all products exported by SA to the US, will face the full brunt of the 30% reciprocal tariff increase. With such a profound impact on our economy it is important to explore how policy can respond such that it is […]]]>
                </itunes:subtitle>
                                <itunes:title>
                    <![CDATA[Tariff Turbulence: The Consequences of Recent US Tariff Increases for South African Exports]]>
                </itunes:title>
                                                <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
                <content:encoded>
                    <![CDATA[Awaiting the outcome of a trade deal between the United States and South Africa, reciprocal tariffs of 30% are set to be imposed on South African exports on 1 August 2025. With the USA being South Africa’s second biggest bilateral trade partner, after China, these tariffs are bound to impact the automotive, aluminium and steel industries especially. Over 80% of all products exported by SA to the US, will face the full brunt of the 30% reciprocal tariff increase. With such a profound impact on our economy it is important to explore how policy can respond such that it is […]]]>
                </content:encoded>
                                    <enclosure url="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/2101958/c1e-50nxrc1onmpb0xm5d-xx475qq5i3wm-mn3g5t.mp3" length="109768302"
                        type="audio/mpeg">
                    </enclosure>
                                <itunes:summary>
                    <![CDATA[Awaiting the outcome of a trade deal between the United States and South Africa, reciprocal tariffs of 30% are set to be imposed on South African exports on 1 August 2025. With the USA being South Africa’s second biggest bilateral trade partner, after China, these tariffs are bound to impact the automotive, aluminium and steel industries especially. Over 80% of all products exported by SA to the US, will face the full brunt of the 30% reciprocal tariff increase. With such a profound impact on our economy it is important to explore how policy can respond such that it is […]]]>
                </itunes:summary>
                                    <itunes:image href="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/images/2101958/c1a-vjmd0-jp3q7zjkaooz-2tfxpy.png"></itunes:image>
                                                                            <itunes:duration>01:54:21</itunes:duration>
                                                    <itunes:author>
                    <![CDATA[Economic Research Southern Africa]]>
                </itunes:author>
                            </item>
                    <item>
                <title>
                    <![CDATA[Beyond GDP: South Africa’s Sustainable Future]]>
                </title>
                <pubDate>Tue, 22 Jul 2025 12:41:49 +0000</pubDate>
                <dc:creator>Economic Research Southern Africa</dc:creator>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">
                    https://permalink.castos.com/podcast/57789/episode/2094799</guid>
                                    <link>https://economic-research-southern-africa-1.castos.com/episodes/beyond-gdp-south-africas-sustainable-future</link>
                                <description>
                                            <![CDATA[In this podcast, ERSA’s host sits down with Brent Cloete and Bradley Kent, to discuss their research on environmental policy in South Africa: From 1994 till now – A Climate for Development. Since our democracy in 1994, South Africa’s approach to sustainable development has reflected the shifts in the global sustainable development framework. Where policy initially prioritized economic growth and social development as a separate function to the environment, it evolved to recognize the interdependence with the environment. How does South Africa rank internationally and who does climate change impact the most? What can we learn from past policies and […]]]>
                                    </description>
                <itunes:subtitle>
                    <![CDATA[In this podcast, ERSA’s host sits down with Brent Cloete and Bradley Kent, to discuss their research on environmental policy in South Africa: From 1994 till now – A Climate for Development. Since our democracy in 1994, South Africa’s approach to sustainable development has reflected the shifts in the global sustainable development framework. Where policy initially prioritized economic growth and social development as a separate function to the environment, it evolved to recognize the interdependence with the environment. How does South Africa rank internationally and who does climate change impact the most? What can we learn from past policies and […]]]>
                </itunes:subtitle>
                                <itunes:title>
                    <![CDATA[Beyond GDP: South Africa’s Sustainable Future]]>
                </itunes:title>
                                                <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
                <content:encoded>
                    <![CDATA[In this podcast, ERSA’s host sits down with Brent Cloete and Bradley Kent, to discuss their research on environmental policy in South Africa: From 1994 till now – A Climate for Development. Since our democracy in 1994, South Africa’s approach to sustainable development has reflected the shifts in the global sustainable development framework. Where policy initially prioritized economic growth and social development as a separate function to the environment, it evolved to recognize the interdependence with the environment. How does South Africa rank internationally and who does climate change impact the most? What can we learn from past policies and […]]]>
                </content:encoded>
                                    <enclosure url="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/2094799/c1e-rn94obwoq6oa2kwk9-0vpp7rgxhvrg-xnmxvt.mp3" length="58984567"
                        type="audio/mpeg">
                    </enclosure>
                                <itunes:summary>
                    <![CDATA[In this podcast, ERSA’s host sits down with Brent Cloete and Bradley Kent, to discuss their research on environmental policy in South Africa: From 1994 till now – A Climate for Development. Since our democracy in 1994, South Africa’s approach to sustainable development has reflected the shifts in the global sustainable development framework. Where policy initially prioritized economic growth and social development as a separate function to the environment, it evolved to recognize the interdependence with the environment. How does South Africa rank internationally and who does climate change impact the most? What can we learn from past policies and […]]]>
                </itunes:summary>
                                    <itunes:image href="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/images/2094799/c1a-vjmd0-pkxxwj8paqm-iocf4j.png"></itunes:image>
                                                                            <itunes:duration>01:01:27</itunes:duration>
                                                    <itunes:author>
                    <![CDATA[Economic Research Southern Africa]]>
                </itunes:author>
                            </item>
                    <item>
                <title>
                    <![CDATA[Competition Crossroads: Decoding 30 Years of Enforcement]]>
                </title>
                <pubDate>Fri, 27 Jun 2025 08:14:25 +0000</pubDate>
                <dc:creator>Economic Research Southern Africa</dc:creator>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">
                    https://permalink.castos.com/podcast/57789/episode/2076705</guid>
                                    <link>https://economic-research-southern-africa-1.castos.com/episodes/competition-crossroads-decoding-30-years-of-enforcement</link>
                                <description>
                                            <![CDATA[Since our democracy in 1994, South Africa’s competition policy has received positive international attention. The Competition Act of 1998 was ahead of its time, recognizing that credible competition law and effective structures are necessary for an efficient functioning economy. 30 years later, how has South Africa’s competition policy evolved? In this podcast, ERSA’s host sits down with Prof Willem Boshoff, who is a  Professor of Economics and Co-Director of the Center for Competition Law and Economics at Stellenbosch University to discuss his research on “Two competing approaches in South African competition policy: Merger control and anti-cartel enforcement over three decades”. […]]]>
                                    </description>
                <itunes:subtitle>
                    <![CDATA[Since our democracy in 1994, South Africa’s competition policy has received positive international attention. The Competition Act of 1998 was ahead of its time, recognizing that credible competition law and effective structures are necessary for an efficient functioning economy. 30 years later, how has South Africa’s competition policy evolved? In this podcast, ERSA’s host sits down with Prof Willem Boshoff, who is a  Professor of Economics and Co-Director of the Center for Competition Law and Economics at Stellenbosch University to discuss his research on “Two competing approaches in South African competition policy: Merger control and anti-cartel enforcement over three decades”. […]]]>
                </itunes:subtitle>
                                <itunes:title>
                    <![CDATA[Competition Crossroads: Decoding 30 Years of Enforcement]]>
                </itunes:title>
                                                <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
                <content:encoded>
                    <![CDATA[Since our democracy in 1994, South Africa’s competition policy has received positive international attention. The Competition Act of 1998 was ahead of its time, recognizing that credible competition law and effective structures are necessary for an efficient functioning economy. 30 years later, how has South Africa’s competition policy evolved? In this podcast, ERSA’s host sits down with Prof Willem Boshoff, who is a  Professor of Economics and Co-Director of the Center for Competition Law and Economics at Stellenbosch University to discuss his research on “Two competing approaches in South African competition policy: Merger control and anti-cartel enforcement over three decades”. […]]]>
                </content:encoded>
                                    <enclosure url="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/2076705/c1e-vjmd0i779kktwznk1-z32j8wwnbd53-geqh31.mp3" length="31538513"
                        type="audio/mpeg">
                    </enclosure>
                                <itunes:summary>
                    <![CDATA[Since our democracy in 1994, South Africa’s competition policy has received positive international attention. The Competition Act of 1998 was ahead of its time, recognizing that credible competition law and effective structures are necessary for an efficient functioning economy. 30 years later, how has South Africa’s competition policy evolved? In this podcast, ERSA’s host sits down with Prof Willem Boshoff, who is a  Professor of Economics and Co-Director of the Center for Competition Law and Economics at Stellenbosch University to discuss his research on “Two competing approaches in South African competition policy: Merger control and anti-cartel enforcement over three decades”. […]]]>
                </itunes:summary>
                                    <itunes:image href="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/images/2076705/c1a-vjmd0-47k20jp4h7r7-xfjklp.png"></itunes:image>
                                                                            <itunes:duration>00:32:52</itunes:duration>
                                                    <itunes:author>
                    <![CDATA[Economic Research Southern Africa]]>
                </itunes:author>
                            </item>
                    <item>
                <title>
                    <![CDATA[Targeting Inflation Insights]]>
                </title>
                <pubDate>Tue, 29 Apr 2025 10:37:50 +0000</pubDate>
                <dc:creator>Economic Research Southern Africa</dc:creator>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">
                    https://permalink.castos.com/podcast/57789/episode/2021810</guid>
                                    <link>https://economic-research-southern-africa-1.castos.com/episodes/targeting-inflation-insights</link>
                                <description>
                                            <![CDATA[Shortly after the April MPR, ERSA’s host sat down with Dr Chris Loewald, the Head of the Research Department at the Reserve Bank, and a member of the Monetary Policy Committee to discuss inflation targeting amidst the increasing international trade tensions, global uncertainty and concerns of stagflation. As a relatively complex and small economy that trades with both advanced economies and emerging markets, adopting the inflation targeting regime has served South Africa well over the last 25 years. With increasing global uncertainty, what is working and what isn’t working with this monetary policy regime? What can we learn from other […]]]>
                                    </description>
                <itunes:subtitle>
                    <![CDATA[Shortly after the April MPR, ERSA’s host sat down with Dr Chris Loewald, the Head of the Research Department at the Reserve Bank, and a member of the Monetary Policy Committee to discuss inflation targeting amidst the increasing international trade tensions, global uncertainty and concerns of stagflation. As a relatively complex and small economy that trades with both advanced economies and emerging markets, adopting the inflation targeting regime has served South Africa well over the last 25 years. With increasing global uncertainty, what is working and what isn’t working with this monetary policy regime? What can we learn from other […]]]>
                </itunes:subtitle>
                                <itunes:title>
                    <![CDATA[Targeting Inflation Insights]]>
                </itunes:title>
                                                <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
                <content:encoded>
                    <![CDATA[Shortly after the April MPR, ERSA’s host sat down with Dr Chris Loewald, the Head of the Research Department at the Reserve Bank, and a member of the Monetary Policy Committee to discuss inflation targeting amidst the increasing international trade tensions, global uncertainty and concerns of stagflation. As a relatively complex and small economy that trades with both advanced economies and emerging markets, adopting the inflation targeting regime has served South Africa well over the last 25 years. With increasing global uncertainty, what is working and what isn’t working with this monetary policy regime? What can we learn from other […]]]>
                </content:encoded>
                                    <enclosure url="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/2021810/c1e-kkv45igrgrrc94146-rk42o5kgb8r-m5uqu1.mp3" length="41569882"
                        type="audio/mpeg">
                    </enclosure>
                                <itunes:summary>
                    <![CDATA[Shortly after the April MPR, ERSA’s host sat down with Dr Chris Loewald, the Head of the Research Department at the Reserve Bank, and a member of the Monetary Policy Committee to discuss inflation targeting amidst the increasing international trade tensions, global uncertainty and concerns of stagflation. As a relatively complex and small economy that trades with both advanced economies and emerging markets, adopting the inflation targeting regime has served South Africa well over the last 25 years. With increasing global uncertainty, what is working and what isn’t working with this monetary policy regime? What can we learn from other […]]]>
                </itunes:summary>
                                    <itunes:image href="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/images/2021810/c1a-vjmd0-6zo9047zf5od-qy6svk.png"></itunes:image>
                                                                            <itunes:duration>00:43:19</itunes:duration>
                                                    <itunes:author>
                    <![CDATA[Economic Research Southern Africa]]>
                </itunes:author>
                            </item>
                    <item>
                <title>
                    <![CDATA[Will the NHI integrate our healthcare system 30 years on?]]>
                </title>
                <pubDate>Mon, 28 Apr 2025 06:11:21 +0000</pubDate>
                <dc:creator>Economic Research Southern Africa</dc:creator>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">
                    https://permalink.castos.com/podcast/57789/episode/2021162</guid>
                                    <link>https://economic-research-southern-africa-1.castos.com/episodes/will-the-nhi-integrate-our-healthcare-system-30-years-on</link>
                                <description>
                                            <![CDATA[South Africa’s transition to democracy in 1994 placed a fragmented, racially divided health system in the hands of the new ANC-led government. It quickly moved to transform the health administrations of 10 homelands and four provinces into a single national department and nine provincial departments, in line with the new constitution. However, thirty years later, South Africa still has a health system driven by inequalities; it is as if the income inequality has mapped its way into the duality of the health system. One of the latest approaches to addressing this issue, culminated in the formation of the 2024 National […]]]>
                                    </description>
                <itunes:subtitle>
                    <![CDATA[South Africa’s transition to democracy in 1994 placed a fragmented, racially divided health system in the hands of the new ANC-led government. It quickly moved to transform the health administrations of 10 homelands and four provinces into a single national department and nine provincial departments, in line with the new constitution. However, thirty years later, South Africa still has a health system driven by inequalities; it is as if the income inequality has mapped its way into the duality of the health system. One of the latest approaches to addressing this issue, culminated in the formation of the 2024 National […]]]>
                </itunes:subtitle>
                                <itunes:title>
                    <![CDATA[Will the NHI integrate our healthcare system 30 years on?]]>
                </itunes:title>
                                                <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
                <content:encoded>
                    <![CDATA[South Africa’s transition to democracy in 1994 placed a fragmented, racially divided health system in the hands of the new ANC-led government. It quickly moved to transform the health administrations of 10 homelands and four provinces into a single national department and nine provincial departments, in line with the new constitution. However, thirty years later, South Africa still has a health system driven by inequalities; it is as if the income inequality has mapped its way into the duality of the health system. One of the latest approaches to addressing this issue, culminated in the formation of the 2024 National […]]]>
                </content:encoded>
                                    <enclosure url="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/2021162/c1e-n37njbd43k4h9z4zz-6zo9wd59uj25-mvnskb.mp3" length="61561714"
                        type="audio/mpeg">
                    </enclosure>
                                <itunes:summary>
                    <![CDATA[South Africa’s transition to democracy in 1994 placed a fragmented, racially divided health system in the hands of the new ANC-led government. It quickly moved to transform the health administrations of 10 homelands and four provinces into a single national department and nine provincial departments, in line with the new constitution. However, thirty years later, South Africa still has a health system driven by inequalities; it is as if the income inequality has mapped its way into the duality of the health system. One of the latest approaches to addressing this issue, culminated in the formation of the 2024 National […]]]>
                </itunes:summary>
                                    <itunes:image href="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/images/2021162/c1a-vjmd0-47ko1d0wagxd-kri4sd.png"></itunes:image>
                                                                            <itunes:duration>01:04:08</itunes:duration>
                                                    <itunes:author>
                    <![CDATA[Economic Research Southern Africa]]>
                </itunes:author>
                            </item>
                    <item>
                <title>
                    <![CDATA[VAT You Didn't See Coming: South Africa's Budget Unpacked]]>
                </title>
                <pubDate>Wed, 26 Mar 2025 03:30:05 +0000</pubDate>
                <dc:creator>Economic Research Southern Africa</dc:creator>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">
                    https://permalink.castos.com/podcast/57789/episode/1999678</guid>
                                    <link>https://economic-research-southern-africa-1.castos.com/episodes/vat-you-didnt-see-coming-south-africas-budget-unpacked</link>
                                <description>
                                            <![CDATA[Shortly after the long awaited 2025 Budget Speech, while US President Donald Trump is putting South Africa under the spotlight, ERSA’s hosts sit down with Dr Roy Havemann from the Bureau of Economic Research’s Impumelelo Growth Lab, to discuss the first Budget Speech under the newly appointed Government of National Unity, and his article co-authored with Claire Bisseker in the Business Day titled Make the SA Budget Predictable and Dull Again. At a time when South Africa finds itself with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 75%, declining GDP per capita, and tax revenue struggling to keep up with the mounting spending […]]]>
                                    </description>
                <itunes:subtitle>
                    <![CDATA[Shortly after the long awaited 2025 Budget Speech, while US President Donald Trump is putting South Africa under the spotlight, ERSA’s hosts sit down with Dr Roy Havemann from the Bureau of Economic Research’s Impumelelo Growth Lab, to discuss the first Budget Speech under the newly appointed Government of National Unity, and his article co-authored with Claire Bisseker in the Business Day titled Make the SA Budget Predictable and Dull Again. At a time when South Africa finds itself with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 75%, declining GDP per capita, and tax revenue struggling to keep up with the mounting spending […]]]>
                </itunes:subtitle>
                                <itunes:title>
                    <![CDATA[VAT You Didn't See Coming: South Africa's Budget Unpacked]]>
                </itunes:title>
                                                <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
                <content:encoded>
                    <![CDATA[Shortly after the long awaited 2025 Budget Speech, while US President Donald Trump is putting South Africa under the spotlight, ERSA’s hosts sit down with Dr Roy Havemann from the Bureau of Economic Research’s Impumelelo Growth Lab, to discuss the first Budget Speech under the newly appointed Government of National Unity, and his article co-authored with Claire Bisseker in the Business Day titled Make the SA Budget Predictable and Dull Again. At a time when South Africa finds itself with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 75%, declining GDP per capita, and tax revenue struggling to keep up with the mounting spending […]]]>
                </content:encoded>
                                    <enclosure url="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/1999678/c1e-4r0k9s1966qt854wv-pkg1r2pzbzg7-iwosai.mp3" length="82315188"
                        type="audio/mpeg">
                    </enclosure>
                                <itunes:summary>
                    <![CDATA[Shortly after the long awaited 2025 Budget Speech, while US President Donald Trump is putting South Africa under the spotlight, ERSA’s hosts sit down with Dr Roy Havemann from the Bureau of Economic Research’s Impumelelo Growth Lab, to discuss the first Budget Speech under the newly appointed Government of National Unity, and his article co-authored with Claire Bisseker in the Business Day titled Make the SA Budget Predictable and Dull Again. At a time when South Africa finds itself with a debt-to-GDP ratio of 75%, declining GDP per capita, and tax revenue struggling to keep up with the mounting spending […]]]>
                </itunes:summary>
                                    <itunes:image href="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/images/1999678/c1a-vjmd0-ndom3kp9ud5z-zjj9ov.png"></itunes:image>
                                                                            <itunes:duration>00:42:10</itunes:duration>
                                                    <itunes:author>
                    <![CDATA[Economic Research Southern Africa]]>
                </itunes:author>
                            </item>
                    <item>
                <title>
                    <![CDATA[Navigating South Africa's Evolving Trade Policy]]>
                </title>
                <pubDate>Tue, 04 Mar 2025 14:14:32 +0000</pubDate>
                <dc:creator>Economic Research Southern Africa</dc:creator>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">
                    https://permalink.castos.com/podcast/57789/episode/1985772</guid>
                                    <link>https://economic-research-southern-africa-1.castos.com/episodes/navigating-south-africas-evolving-trade-policy-1</link>
                                <description>
                                            <![CDATA[South Africa’s trade policy is at a crossroads and this was before the tumultuous trade war that US President Donald Trump started within a couple weeks of being in office. In a country where inequality is extreme, the impact of a more open economy on employment and poverty in important. As global dynamics shift and domestic priorities evolve, the country faces both significant challenges and untapped opportunities. In this podcast, ERSA’s host sits down with Professor Lawrence Edwards from the University of Cape Town to explore the complexities of industrial policy, tariffs and market access. How are industrial and trade […]]]>
                                    </description>
                <itunes:subtitle>
                    <![CDATA[South Africa’s trade policy is at a crossroads and this was before the tumultuous trade war that US President Donald Trump started within a couple weeks of being in office. In a country where inequality is extreme, the impact of a more open economy on employment and poverty in important. As global dynamics shift and domestic priorities evolve, the country faces both significant challenges and untapped opportunities. In this podcast, ERSA’s host sits down with Professor Lawrence Edwards from the University of Cape Town to explore the complexities of industrial policy, tariffs and market access. How are industrial and trade […]]]>
                </itunes:subtitle>
                                <itunes:title>
                    <![CDATA[Navigating South Africa's Evolving Trade Policy]]>
                </itunes:title>
                                                <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
                <content:encoded>
                    <![CDATA[South Africa’s trade policy is at a crossroads and this was before the tumultuous trade war that US President Donald Trump started within a couple weeks of being in office. In a country where inequality is extreme, the impact of a more open economy on employment and poverty in important. As global dynamics shift and domestic priorities evolve, the country faces both significant challenges and untapped opportunities. In this podcast, ERSA’s host sits down with Professor Lawrence Edwards from the University of Cape Town to explore the complexities of industrial policy, tariffs and market access. How are industrial and trade […]]]>
                </content:encoded>
                                    <enclosure url="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/1985772/c1e-8g1rmf952nnbrd61j-rkz67k59s4nk-e4gel2.mp3" length="89390871"
                        type="audio/mpeg">
                    </enclosure>
                                <itunes:summary>
                    <![CDATA[South Africa’s trade policy is at a crossroads and this was before the tumultuous trade war that US President Donald Trump started within a couple weeks of being in office. In a country where inequality is extreme, the impact of a more open economy on employment and poverty in important. As global dynamics shift and domestic priorities evolve, the country faces both significant challenges and untapped opportunities. In this podcast, ERSA’s host sits down with Professor Lawrence Edwards from the University of Cape Town to explore the complexities of industrial policy, tariffs and market access. How are industrial and trade […]]]>
                </itunes:summary>
                                    <itunes:image href="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/images/1985772/c1a-vjmd0-mkx6zr05tm3g-wup8v2.png"></itunes:image>
                                                                            <itunes:duration>00:46:05</itunes:duration>
                                                    <itunes:author>
                    <![CDATA[Economic Research Southern Africa]]>
                </itunes:author>
                            </item>
                    <item>
                <title>
                    <![CDATA[Whatever it takes, every day: Monetary Policy in an Emerging Economy]]>
                </title>
                <pubDate>Thu, 12 Dec 2024 04:49:35 +0000</pubDate>
                <dc:creator>Economic Research Southern Africa</dc:creator>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">
                    https://permalink.castos.com/podcast/57789/episode/1920191</guid>
                                    <link>https://economic-research-southern-africa-1.castos.com/episodes/whatever-it-takes-every-day-monetary-policy-in-an-emerging-economy-1</link>
                                <description>
                                            <![CDATA[In conventional monetary policy, the aim is to stabilise inflation by adjusting monetary policy tools, mainly interest rates. One regime that has grown in popularity is inflation targeting and average inflation in both emerging and advanced economies is lower after the adoption of this regime. Yet, emerging markets have relatively worse performance regarding the deviations in their inflation rates. Are inflation targeters in emerging markets less committed to achieving their targets? Or is it that inflation targeting in emerging markets more challenging? In an attempt to better understand how monetary policy in emerging markets works, ERSA’s podcast host sits down […]]]>
                                    </description>
                <itunes:subtitle>
                    <![CDATA[In conventional monetary policy, the aim is to stabilise inflation by adjusting monetary policy tools, mainly interest rates. One regime that has grown in popularity is inflation targeting and average inflation in both emerging and advanced economies is lower after the adoption of this regime. Yet, emerging markets have relatively worse performance regarding the deviations in their inflation rates. Are inflation targeters in emerging markets less committed to achieving their targets? Or is it that inflation targeting in emerging markets more challenging? In an attempt to better understand how monetary policy in emerging markets works, ERSA’s podcast host sits down […]]]>
                </itunes:subtitle>
                                <itunes:title>
                    <![CDATA[Whatever it takes, every day: Monetary Policy in an Emerging Economy]]>
                </itunes:title>
                                                <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
                <content:encoded>
                    <![CDATA[In conventional monetary policy, the aim is to stabilise inflation by adjusting monetary policy tools, mainly interest rates. One regime that has grown in popularity is inflation targeting and average inflation in both emerging and advanced economies is lower after the adoption of this regime. Yet, emerging markets have relatively worse performance regarding the deviations in their inflation rates. Are inflation targeters in emerging markets less committed to achieving their targets? Or is it that inflation targeting in emerging markets more challenging? In an attempt to better understand how monetary policy in emerging markets works, ERSA’s podcast host sits down […]]]>
                </content:encoded>
                                    <enclosure url="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/1920191/c1e-gvg3di312oquw8jj3-kpd764d0b8x2-jjlijl.mp3" length="118694659"
                        type="audio/mpeg">
                    </enclosure>
                                <itunes:summary>
                    <![CDATA[In conventional monetary policy, the aim is to stabilise inflation by adjusting monetary policy tools, mainly interest rates. One regime that has grown in popularity is inflation targeting and average inflation in both emerging and advanced economies is lower after the adoption of this regime. Yet, emerging markets have relatively worse performance regarding the deviations in their inflation rates. Are inflation targeters in emerging markets less committed to achieving their targets? Or is it that inflation targeting in emerging markets more challenging? In an attempt to better understand how monetary policy in emerging markets works, ERSA’s podcast host sits down […]]]>
                </itunes:summary>
                                    <itunes:image href="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/images/1920191/c1a-vjmd0-7zkdop6vfgvd-szbvor.png"></itunes:image>
                                                                            <itunes:duration>01:01:19</itunes:duration>
                                                    <itunes:author>
                    <![CDATA[Economic Research Southern Africa]]>
                </itunes:author>
                            </item>
                    <item>
                <title>
                    <![CDATA[Gracelin Baskaran on how environmental policies may impact South African trade]]>
                </title>
                <pubDate>Sun, 07 Jan 2024 17:27:13 +0000</pubDate>
                <dc:creator>Economic Research Southern Africa</dc:creator>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">
                    https://permalink.castos.com/podcast/57789/episode/1649030</guid>
                                    <link>https://economic-research-southern-africa-1.castos.com/episodes/gracelin-baskaran-on-how-environmental-policies-may-impact-south-african-trade-2</link>
                                <description>
                                            <![CDATA[One month after COP28, we record our first podcast of 2024. As the global economy is becoming more mindful of climate change and the importance of reducing carbon emissions, we are reminded that South Africa is one of the most carbon and emissions intensive economies in the world. In this podcast, ERSA’s host sits down with Gracelin Baskaran, who is the Research Director and Senior Fellow for the Energy Security and Climate Change program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington DC. Together, they discuss how three environmental policies from the USA and EU, will impact South […]]]>
                                    </description>
                <itunes:subtitle>
                    <![CDATA[One month after COP28, we record our first podcast of 2024. As the global economy is becoming more mindful of climate change and the importance of reducing carbon emissions, we are reminded that South Africa is one of the most carbon and emissions intensive economies in the world. In this podcast, ERSA’s host sits down with Gracelin Baskaran, who is the Research Director and Senior Fellow for the Energy Security and Climate Change program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington DC. Together, they discuss how three environmental policies from the USA and EU, will impact South […]]]>
                </itunes:subtitle>
                                <itunes:title>
                    <![CDATA[Gracelin Baskaran on how environmental policies may impact South African trade]]>
                </itunes:title>
                                                <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
                <content:encoded>
                    <![CDATA[One month after COP28, we record our first podcast of 2024. As the global economy is becoming more mindful of climate change and the importance of reducing carbon emissions, we are reminded that South Africa is one of the most carbon and emissions intensive economies in the world. In this podcast, ERSA’s host sits down with Gracelin Baskaran, who is the Research Director and Senior Fellow for the Energy Security and Climate Change program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington DC. Together, they discuss how three environmental policies from the USA and EU, will impact South […]]]>
                </content:encoded>
                                    <enclosure url="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/1649030/c1e-wj2xni9n321c87w71-4989dzr5uxm3-ogkwso.mp3" length="55742932"
                        type="audio/mpeg">
                    </enclosure>
                                <itunes:summary>
                    <![CDATA[One month after COP28, we record our first podcast of 2024. As the global economy is becoming more mindful of climate change and the importance of reducing carbon emissions, we are reminded that South Africa is one of the most carbon and emissions intensive economies in the world. In this podcast, ERSA’s host sits down with Gracelin Baskaran, who is the Research Director and Senior Fellow for the Energy Security and Climate Change program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington DC. Together, they discuss how three environmental policies from the USA and EU, will impact South […]]]>
                </itunes:summary>
                                    <itunes:image href="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/images/1649030/c1a-vjmd0-o8r8w1d7cv43-xb24vw.png"></itunes:image>
                                                                            <itunes:duration>00:28:25</itunes:duration>
                                                    <itunes:author>
                    <![CDATA[Economic Research Southern Africa]]>
                </itunes:author>
                            </item>
                    <item>
                <title>
                    <![CDATA[Delivering a difficult MTBPS]]>
                </title>
                <pubDate>Fri, 03 Nov 2023 11:00:12 +0000</pubDate>
                <dc:creator>Economic Research Southern Africa</dc:creator>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">
                    https://permalink.castos.com/podcast/57789/episode/1649031</guid>
                                    <link>https://economic-research-southern-africa-1.castos.com/episodes/delivering-a-difficult-mtbps-1</link>
                                <description>
                                            <![CDATA[Running up to the elections next year, this was a difficult MTBPS to deliver. The global environment is inflationary, and growth forecasts have been revised down with lower revenue expected from our largest trade partner, China. Following on from last week’s podcast, ERSA’s host is joined by Isaah Mhlanga, a Chief Economist and Head of Research at Rand Merchant Bank to discuss expectations from the upcoming MTBPS. Together they discuss whether expectations were met and what the strained budget means for South Africa going forward. While there is no shortage of good plans, questions are raised about the ability to […]]]>
                                    </description>
                <itunes:subtitle>
                    <![CDATA[Running up to the elections next year, this was a difficult MTBPS to deliver. The global environment is inflationary, and growth forecasts have been revised down with lower revenue expected from our largest trade partner, China. Following on from last week’s podcast, ERSA’s host is joined by Isaah Mhlanga, a Chief Economist and Head of Research at Rand Merchant Bank to discuss expectations from the upcoming MTBPS. Together they discuss whether expectations were met and what the strained budget means for South Africa going forward. While there is no shortage of good plans, questions are raised about the ability to […]]]>
                </itunes:subtitle>
                                <itunes:title>
                    <![CDATA[Delivering a difficult MTBPS]]>
                </itunes:title>
                                                <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
                <content:encoded>
                    <![CDATA[Running up to the elections next year, this was a difficult MTBPS to deliver. The global environment is inflationary, and growth forecasts have been revised down with lower revenue expected from our largest trade partner, China. Following on from last week’s podcast, ERSA’s host is joined by Isaah Mhlanga, a Chief Economist and Head of Research at Rand Merchant Bank to discuss expectations from the upcoming MTBPS. Together they discuss whether expectations were met and what the strained budget means for South Africa going forward. While there is no shortage of good plans, questions are raised about the ability to […]]]>
                </content:encoded>
                                    <enclosure url="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/1649031/c1e-wj2xni9n326h87m7r-04m45nx3fg66-puzkeq.mp3" length="46024298"
                        type="audio/mpeg">
                    </enclosure>
                                <itunes:summary>
                    <![CDATA[Running up to the elections next year, this was a difficult MTBPS to deliver. The global environment is inflationary, and growth forecasts have been revised down with lower revenue expected from our largest trade partner, China. Following on from last week’s podcast, ERSA’s host is joined by Isaah Mhlanga, a Chief Economist and Head of Research at Rand Merchant Bank to discuss expectations from the upcoming MTBPS. Together they discuss whether expectations were met and what the strained budget means for South Africa going forward. While there is no shortage of good plans, questions are raised about the ability to […]]]>
                </itunes:summary>
                                    <itunes:image href="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/images/1649031/c1a-vjmd0-dd7d4w3kcx9v-h4pzvp.png"></itunes:image>
                                                                            <itunes:duration>00:23:39</itunes:duration>
                                                    <itunes:author>
                    <![CDATA[Economic Research Southern Africa]]>
                </itunes:author>
                            </item>
                    <item>
                <title>
                    <![CDATA[Shedding light on AGOA]]>
                </title>
                <pubDate>Fri, 03 Nov 2023 10:00:39 +0000</pubDate>
                <dc:creator>Economic Research Southern Africa</dc:creator>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">
                    https://permalink.castos.com/podcast/57789/episode/1649032</guid>
                                    <link>https://economic-research-southern-africa-1.castos.com/episodes/shedding-light-on-agoa-1</link>
                                <description>
                                            <![CDATA[This week, after much anticipation, the AGOA Forum was hosted in Nasrec, Johannesburg. It was attended by more than 30 ministers from Africa and the US. The theme of this year’s Forum is Partnering to Build a Resilient, Sustainable, and Inclusive AGOA to Support Economic Development, Industrialization and Quality Job Creation. In this podcast, ERSA’s host is joined by Gracelin Baskaran, who is the Research Director and Senior Fellow for the Energy Security and Climate Change program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington DC. Together, they discuss what AGOA’s impact has been on South Africa’s development […]]]>
                                    </description>
                <itunes:subtitle>
                    <![CDATA[This week, after much anticipation, the AGOA Forum was hosted in Nasrec, Johannesburg. It was attended by more than 30 ministers from Africa and the US. The theme of this year’s Forum is Partnering to Build a Resilient, Sustainable, and Inclusive AGOA to Support Economic Development, Industrialization and Quality Job Creation. In this podcast, ERSA’s host is joined by Gracelin Baskaran, who is the Research Director and Senior Fellow for the Energy Security and Climate Change program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington DC. Together, they discuss what AGOA’s impact has been on South Africa’s development […]]]>
                </itunes:subtitle>
                                <itunes:title>
                    <![CDATA[Shedding light on AGOA]]>
                </itunes:title>
                                                <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
                <content:encoded>
                    <![CDATA[This week, after much anticipation, the AGOA Forum was hosted in Nasrec, Johannesburg. It was attended by more than 30 ministers from Africa and the US. The theme of this year’s Forum is Partnering to Build a Resilient, Sustainable, and Inclusive AGOA to Support Economic Development, Industrialization and Quality Job Creation. In this podcast, ERSA’s host is joined by Gracelin Baskaran, who is the Research Director and Senior Fellow for the Energy Security and Climate Change program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington DC. Together, they discuss what AGOA’s impact has been on South Africa’s development […]]]>
                </content:encoded>
                                    <enclosure url="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/1649032/c1e-o9xm8s96284ad9d3p-v0802kjrb99v-vkdfut.mp3" length="37291359"
                        type="audio/mpeg">
                    </enclosure>
                                <itunes:summary>
                    <![CDATA[This week, after much anticipation, the AGOA Forum was hosted in Nasrec, Johannesburg. It was attended by more than 30 ministers from Africa and the US. The theme of this year’s Forum is Partnering to Build a Resilient, Sustainable, and Inclusive AGOA to Support Economic Development, Industrialization and Quality Job Creation. In this podcast, ERSA’s host is joined by Gracelin Baskaran, who is the Research Director and Senior Fellow for the Energy Security and Climate Change program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington DC. Together, they discuss what AGOA’s impact has been on South Africa’s development […]]]>
                </itunes:summary>
                                    <itunes:image href="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/images/1649032/c1a-vjmd0-qxnxw874aj11-tizifu.png"></itunes:image>
                                                                            <itunes:duration>00:19:08</itunes:duration>
                                                    <itunes:author>
                    <![CDATA[Economic Research Southern Africa]]>
                </itunes:author>
                            </item>
                    <item>
                <title>
                    <![CDATA[What do we expect from the MTBPS?]]>
                </title>
                <pubDate>Fri, 27 Oct 2023 08:26:57 +0000</pubDate>
                <dc:creator>Economic Research Southern Africa</dc:creator>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">
                    https://permalink.castos.com/podcast/57789/episode/1649033</guid>
                                    <link>https://economic-research-southern-africa-1.castos.com/episodes/what-do-we-expect-from-the-mtbps-2</link>
                                <description>
                                            <![CDATA[Prior to last year’s Medium Term Budget Policy Statement (MTBPS) there was a windfall in corporate income tax owing to a commodity boom. This year South Africa finds itself in a very different position. Not only has much changed internationally, but domestically despite fiscal consolidation efforts, there are many demands on a limited pool of funds. In this podcast, ERSA’s host, sits down with Isaah Mhlanga, a Chief Economist and Head of Research at Rand Merchant Bank to discuss expectations from the upcoming MTBPS. How may the wars between Russia and Ukraine or Israel and Hamas impact the South African […]]]>
                                    </description>
                <itunes:subtitle>
                    <![CDATA[Prior to last year’s Medium Term Budget Policy Statement (MTBPS) there was a windfall in corporate income tax owing to a commodity boom. This year South Africa finds itself in a very different position. Not only has much changed internationally, but domestically despite fiscal consolidation efforts, there are many demands on a limited pool of funds. In this podcast, ERSA’s host, sits down with Isaah Mhlanga, a Chief Economist and Head of Research at Rand Merchant Bank to discuss expectations from the upcoming MTBPS. How may the wars between Russia and Ukraine or Israel and Hamas impact the South African […]]]>
                </itunes:subtitle>
                                <itunes:title>
                    <![CDATA[What do we expect from the MTBPS?]]>
                </itunes:title>
                                                <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
                <content:encoded>
                    <![CDATA[Prior to last year’s Medium Term Budget Policy Statement (MTBPS) there was a windfall in corporate income tax owing to a commodity boom. This year South Africa finds itself in a very different position. Not only has much changed internationally, but domestically despite fiscal consolidation efforts, there are many demands on a limited pool of funds. In this podcast, ERSA’s host, sits down with Isaah Mhlanga, a Chief Economist and Head of Research at Rand Merchant Bank to discuss expectations from the upcoming MTBPS. How may the wars between Russia and Ukraine or Israel and Hamas impact the South African […]]]>
                </content:encoded>
                                    <enclosure url="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/1649033/c1e-gvg3divqm25cw8182-7n5n2pm1hrp3-zi21qs.mp3" length="46387280"
                        type="audio/mpeg">
                    </enclosure>
                                <itunes:summary>
                    <![CDATA[Prior to last year’s Medium Term Budget Policy Statement (MTBPS) there was a windfall in corporate income tax owing to a commodity boom. This year South Africa finds itself in a very different position. Not only has much changed internationally, but domestically despite fiscal consolidation efforts, there are many demands on a limited pool of funds. In this podcast, ERSA’s host, sits down with Isaah Mhlanga, a Chief Economist and Head of Research at Rand Merchant Bank to discuss expectations from the upcoming MTBPS. How may the wars between Russia and Ukraine or Israel and Hamas impact the South African […]]]>
                </itunes:summary>
                                    <itunes:image href="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/images/1649033/c1a-vjmd0-mq3qxm7xsdm1-wetaa0.png"></itunes:image>
                                                                            <itunes:duration>00:23:35</itunes:duration>
                                                    <itunes:author>
                    <![CDATA[Economic Research Southern Africa]]>
                </itunes:author>
                            </item>
                    <item>
                <title>
                    <![CDATA[A macroeconomic perspective of establishing a basic income grant]]>
                </title>
                <pubDate>Thu, 15 Dec 2022 11:56:51 +0000</pubDate>
                <dc:creator>Economic Research Southern Africa</dc:creator>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">
                    https://permalink.castos.com/podcast/57789/episode/1649035</guid>
                                    <link>https://economic-research-southern-africa-1.castos.com/episodes/a-macroeconomic-perspective-of-establishing-a-basic-income-grant-1</link>
                                <description>
                                            <![CDATA[Adopting a broader perspective of the macroeconomics of basic income support, this podcast captures the dynamic feedback mechanisms and trade-offs between redistribution, social relief and debt accumulation in the South African economy. Inspired by research in the Basic Income Support Research Project entitled “The macroeconomics of establishing a basic income grant in South Africa”, ERSA’s host speaks to two of the three co-authors of the paper, Hylton Hollander form Stellenbosch University and Daan Steenkamp, from Codera Analysitcs. Is a universal basic income or a targeted basic income is more effective on the margin? How does funding these social transfers through […]]]>
                                    </description>
                <itunes:subtitle>
                    <![CDATA[Adopting a broader perspective of the macroeconomics of basic income support, this podcast captures the dynamic feedback mechanisms and trade-offs between redistribution, social relief and debt accumulation in the South African economy. Inspired by research in the Basic Income Support Research Project entitled “The macroeconomics of establishing a basic income grant in South Africa”, ERSA’s host speaks to two of the three co-authors of the paper, Hylton Hollander form Stellenbosch University and Daan Steenkamp, from Codera Analysitcs. Is a universal basic income or a targeted basic income is more effective on the margin? How does funding these social transfers through […]]]>
                </itunes:subtitle>
                                <itunes:title>
                    <![CDATA[A macroeconomic perspective of establishing a basic income grant]]>
                </itunes:title>
                                                <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
                <content:encoded>
                    <![CDATA[Adopting a broader perspective of the macroeconomics of basic income support, this podcast captures the dynamic feedback mechanisms and trade-offs between redistribution, social relief and debt accumulation in the South African economy. Inspired by research in the Basic Income Support Research Project entitled “The macroeconomics of establishing a basic income grant in South Africa”, ERSA’s host speaks to two of the three co-authors of the paper, Hylton Hollander form Stellenbosch University and Daan Steenkamp, from Codera Analysitcs. Is a universal basic income or a targeted basic income is more effective on the margin? How does funding these social transfers through […]]]>
                </content:encoded>
                                    <enclosure url="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/1649035/c1e-o9xm8s9628dt8dr7o-dd7d4wv7s33p-ysqfuw.mp3" length="16006181"
                        type="audio/mpeg">
                    </enclosure>
                                <itunes:summary>
                    <![CDATA[Adopting a broader perspective of the macroeconomics of basic income support, this podcast captures the dynamic feedback mechanisms and trade-offs between redistribution, social relief and debt accumulation in the South African economy. Inspired by research in the Basic Income Support Research Project entitled “The macroeconomics of establishing a basic income grant in South Africa”, ERSA’s host speaks to two of the three co-authors of the paper, Hylton Hollander form Stellenbosch University and Daan Steenkamp, from Codera Analysitcs. Is a universal basic income or a targeted basic income is more effective on the margin? How does funding these social transfers through […]]]>
                </itunes:summary>
                                    <itunes:image href="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/images/1649035/c1a-vjmd0-gdqdwo7ztmmp-1zzorm.png"></itunes:image>
                                                                            <itunes:duration>00:33:23</itunes:duration>
                                                    <itunes:author>
                    <![CDATA[Economic Research Southern Africa]]>
                </itunes:author>
                            </item>
                    <item>
                <title>
                    <![CDATA[How would providing UBI impact structural poverty?]]>
                </title>
                <pubDate>Tue, 22 Nov 2022 13:53:55 +0000</pubDate>
                <dc:creator>Economic Research Southern Africa</dc:creator>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">
                    https://permalink.castos.com/podcast/57789/episode/1649034</guid>
                                    <link>https://economic-research-southern-africa-1.castos.com/episodes/how-would-providing-ubi-impact-structural-poverty-2</link>
                                <description>
                                            <![CDATA[This podcast adopts a refreshing view on what Universal Basic Income means for South Africa. Joined by Kelle Howson and Zimbali Mncube from the institute for Economic Justice, ERSA’s host delves into a broader sociological view which allows the benefits of a universal basic income to be explored beyond the well-known economic constraints like affordability. Using evidence from a pool of literature, we explore various misconceptions related to universal basic income. For example, how lazy does rolling out a universal basic income make people? Currently South Africans are fractionalized, unemployment is high, and the risks of social unrest are mounting. […]]]>
                                    </description>
                <itunes:subtitle>
                    <![CDATA[This podcast adopts a refreshing view on what Universal Basic Income means for South Africa. Joined by Kelle Howson and Zimbali Mncube from the institute for Economic Justice, ERSA’s host delves into a broader sociological view which allows the benefits of a universal basic income to be explored beyond the well-known economic constraints like affordability. Using evidence from a pool of literature, we explore various misconceptions related to universal basic income. For example, how lazy does rolling out a universal basic income make people? Currently South Africans are fractionalized, unemployment is high, and the risks of social unrest are mounting. […]]]>
                </itunes:subtitle>
                                <itunes:title>
                    <![CDATA[How would providing UBI impact structural poverty?]]>
                </itunes:title>
                                                <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
                <content:encoded>
                    <![CDATA[This podcast adopts a refreshing view on what Universal Basic Income means for South Africa. Joined by Kelle Howson and Zimbali Mncube from the institute for Economic Justice, ERSA’s host delves into a broader sociological view which allows the benefits of a universal basic income to be explored beyond the well-known economic constraints like affordability. Using evidence from a pool of literature, we explore various misconceptions related to universal basic income. For example, how lazy does rolling out a universal basic income make people? Currently South Africans are fractionalized, unemployment is high, and the risks of social unrest are mounting. […]]]>
                </content:encoded>
                                    <enclosure url="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/1649034/c1e-wj2xni9n32wi0gzo3-v0802k31hpxp-7n26f7.mp3" length="45961028"
                        type="audio/mpeg">
                    </enclosure>
                                <itunes:summary>
                    <![CDATA[This podcast adopts a refreshing view on what Universal Basic Income means for South Africa. Joined by Kelle Howson and Zimbali Mncube from the institute for Economic Justice, ERSA’s host delves into a broader sociological view which allows the benefits of a universal basic income to be explored beyond the well-known economic constraints like affordability. Using evidence from a pool of literature, we explore various misconceptions related to universal basic income. For example, how lazy does rolling out a universal basic income make people? Currently South Africans are fractionalized, unemployment is high, and the risks of social unrest are mounting. […]]]>
                </itunes:summary>
                                    <itunes:image href="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/images/1649034/c1a-vjmd0-zo7odxmds484-cbrvwg.png"></itunes:image>
                                                                            <itunes:duration>00:47:53</itunes:duration>
                                                    <itunes:author>
                    <![CDATA[Economic Research Southern Africa]]>
                </itunes:author>
                            </item>
                    <item>
                <title>
                    <![CDATA[Prof Nicola Viegi deciphers the Nobel Prize winning research]]>
                </title>
                <pubDate>Tue, 15 Nov 2022 08:40:44 +0000</pubDate>
                <dc:creator>Economic Research Southern Africa</dc:creator>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">
                    https://permalink.castos.com/podcast/57789/episode/1649036</guid>
                                    <link>https://economic-research-southern-africa-1.castos.com/episodes/prof-nicola-viegi-deciphers-the-nobel-prize-winning-research-2</link>
                                <description>
                                            <![CDATA[In this podcast, ERSA’s host sits down with Prof. Nicola Viegi, the SARB  Chair of Monetary Economics from the University of Pretoria, to discuss what this year’s Economics Nobel Prize winners (Ben Bernanke, Douglas Diamond and Philip Dybvig) discovered. As knowledge evolves, this research delves into the role of banks in the economy during a financial crisis, and why it is imperative to prevent a run on the banks. We discuss the two significant contributions made by this research: firstly, codifying the intermediary role of banks and how the value of investments change through time, and secondly showing how this […]]]>
                                    </description>
                <itunes:subtitle>
                    <![CDATA[In this podcast, ERSA’s host sits down with Prof. Nicola Viegi, the SARB  Chair of Monetary Economics from the University of Pretoria, to discuss what this year’s Economics Nobel Prize winners (Ben Bernanke, Douglas Diamond and Philip Dybvig) discovered. As knowledge evolves, this research delves into the role of banks in the economy during a financial crisis, and why it is imperative to prevent a run on the banks. We discuss the two significant contributions made by this research: firstly, codifying the intermediary role of banks and how the value of investments change through time, and secondly showing how this […]]]>
                </itunes:subtitle>
                                <itunes:title>
                    <![CDATA[Prof Nicola Viegi deciphers the Nobel Prize winning research]]>
                </itunes:title>
                                                <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
                <content:encoded>
                    <![CDATA[In this podcast, ERSA’s host sits down with Prof. Nicola Viegi, the SARB  Chair of Monetary Economics from the University of Pretoria, to discuss what this year’s Economics Nobel Prize winners (Ben Bernanke, Douglas Diamond and Philip Dybvig) discovered. As knowledge evolves, this research delves into the role of banks in the economy during a financial crisis, and why it is imperative to prevent a run on the banks. We discuss the two significant contributions made by this research: firstly, codifying the intermediary role of banks and how the value of investments change through time, and secondly showing how this […]]]>
                </content:encoded>
                                    <enclosure url="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/1649036/c1e-4r0k9sgp1vruj15xq-wnvn6djdign2-0hpktq.mp3" length="14925982"
                        type="audio/mpeg">
                    </enclosure>
                                <itunes:summary>
                    <![CDATA[In this podcast, ERSA’s host sits down with Prof. Nicola Viegi, the SARB  Chair of Monetary Economics from the University of Pretoria, to discuss what this year’s Economics Nobel Prize winners (Ben Bernanke, Douglas Diamond and Philip Dybvig) discovered. As knowledge evolves, this research delves into the role of banks in the economy during a financial crisis, and why it is imperative to prevent a run on the banks. We discuss the two significant contributions made by this research: firstly, codifying the intermediary role of banks and how the value of investments change through time, and secondly showing how this […]]]>
                </itunes:summary>
                                    <itunes:image href="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/images/1649036/c1a-vjmd0-k5x5w0q9fjwo-hfcgzs.png"></itunes:image>
                                                                            <itunes:duration>00:32:25</itunes:duration>
                                                    <itunes:author>
                    <![CDATA[Economic Research Southern Africa]]>
                </itunes:author>
                            </item>
                    <item>
                <title>
                    <![CDATA[EconData and the world of single source automatable data]]>
                </title>
                <pubDate>Sun, 15 May 2022 09:54:29 +0000</pubDate>
                <dc:creator>Economic Research Southern Africa</dc:creator>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">
                    https://permalink.castos.com/podcast/57789/episode/1649037</guid>
                                    <link>https://economic-research-southern-africa-1.castos.com/episodes/econdata-and-the-world-of-single-source-automatable-data-2</link>
                                <description>
                                            <![CDATA[In this podcast we learn how EconData has solved a couple problems that many economic students, academics and researchers have encountered: firstly, the limited accessibility of South African macroeconomic time-series data, and secondly the inefficiencies related to cleaning a dataset, that someone else has most likely already done. Here, twoof the Codera Analytics and EconData co-founders, Daan Steenkamp and Byron Botha, explain how this platform not only provides over 80 000 macroeconomic time-series data points from South Africa’s rich data landscape, but updates them automatically thereby enabling the automation of workflows. Starting with an internal collection of scripts, the data collection […]]]>
                                    </description>
                <itunes:subtitle>
                    <![CDATA[In this podcast we learn how EconData has solved a couple problems that many economic students, academics and researchers have encountered: firstly, the limited accessibility of South African macroeconomic time-series data, and secondly the inefficiencies related to cleaning a dataset, that someone else has most likely already done. Here, twoof the Codera Analytics and EconData co-founders, Daan Steenkamp and Byron Botha, explain how this platform not only provides over 80 000 macroeconomic time-series data points from South Africa’s rich data landscape, but updates them automatically thereby enabling the automation of workflows. Starting with an internal collection of scripts, the data collection […]]]>
                </itunes:subtitle>
                                <itunes:title>
                    <![CDATA[EconData and the world of single source automatable data]]>
                </itunes:title>
                                                <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
                <content:encoded>
                    <![CDATA[In this podcast we learn how EconData has solved a couple problems that many economic students, academics and researchers have encountered: firstly, the limited accessibility of South African macroeconomic time-series data, and secondly the inefficiencies related to cleaning a dataset, that someone else has most likely already done. Here, twoof the Codera Analytics and EconData co-founders, Daan Steenkamp and Byron Botha, explain how this platform not only provides over 80 000 macroeconomic time-series data points from South Africa’s rich data landscape, but updates them automatically thereby enabling the automation of workflows. Starting with an internal collection of scripts, the data collection […]]]>
                </content:encoded>
                                    <enclosure url="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/1649037/c1e-6nmo0b1moxxtkdv4o-60p01vnkcdm9-asgyef.mp3" length="27122133"
                        type="audio/mpeg">
                    </enclosure>
                                <itunes:summary>
                    <![CDATA[In this podcast we learn how EconData has solved a couple problems that many economic students, academics and researchers have encountered: firstly, the limited accessibility of South African macroeconomic time-series data, and secondly the inefficiencies related to cleaning a dataset, that someone else has most likely already done. Here, twoof the Codera Analytics and EconData co-founders, Daan Steenkamp and Byron Botha, explain how this platform not only provides over 80 000 macroeconomic time-series data points from South Africa’s rich data landscape, but updates them automatically thereby enabling the automation of workflows. Starting with an internal collection of scripts, the data collection […]]]>
                </itunes:summary>
                                    <itunes:image href="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/images/1649037/c1a-vjmd0-8m7mw5nqh060-jzhbwh.png"></itunes:image>
                                                                            <itunes:duration>00:14:00</itunes:duration>
                                                    <itunes:author>
                    <![CDATA[Economic Research Southern Africa]]>
                </itunes:author>
                            </item>
                    <item>
                <title>
                    <![CDATA[Dr Channing Arndt on Building back fairer from the Covid-19 Pandemic in South Africa]]>
                </title>
                <pubDate>Fri, 19 Nov 2021 06:48:36 +0000</pubDate>
                <dc:creator>Economic Research Southern Africa</dc:creator>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">
                    https://permalink.castos.com/podcast/57789/episode/1649038</guid>
                                    <link>https://economic-research-southern-africa-1.castos.com/episodes/dr-channing-arndt-on-building-back-fairer-from-the-covid-19-pandemic-in-south-africa-2</link>
                                <description>
                                            <![CDATA[Post-pandemic, South Africa’s economy finds itself in a constrained fiscal environment yearning for economic growth. Without increased government spending, how can it rebuild itself in a way that reduces the uneven distribution of the pandemic’s burden? In this podcast, ERSA’s host is joined by Dr Channing Arndt, economist, head of the Environment and Production Technology Division (EPTD) at IFPRI, and co-author of the paper entitled “Building back fairer from the Covid-19 Pandemic in South Africa”. Implementing the structural reforms identified by National Treasury’s 77-pager strategy will vastly improve South Africa’s economic performance in the long run, but in this podcast […]]]>
                                    </description>
                <itunes:subtitle>
                    <![CDATA[Post-pandemic, South Africa’s economy finds itself in a constrained fiscal environment yearning for economic growth. Without increased government spending, how can it rebuild itself in a way that reduces the uneven distribution of the pandemic’s burden? In this podcast, ERSA’s host is joined by Dr Channing Arndt, economist, head of the Environment and Production Technology Division (EPTD) at IFPRI, and co-author of the paper entitled “Building back fairer from the Covid-19 Pandemic in South Africa”. Implementing the structural reforms identified by National Treasury’s 77-pager strategy will vastly improve South Africa’s economic performance in the long run, but in this podcast […]]]>
                </itunes:subtitle>
                                <itunes:title>
                    <![CDATA[Dr Channing Arndt on Building back fairer from the Covid-19 Pandemic in South Africa]]>
                </itunes:title>
                                                <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
                <content:encoded>
                    <![CDATA[Post-pandemic, South Africa’s economy finds itself in a constrained fiscal environment yearning for economic growth. Without increased government spending, how can it rebuild itself in a way that reduces the uneven distribution of the pandemic’s burden? In this podcast, ERSA’s host is joined by Dr Channing Arndt, economist, head of the Environment and Production Technology Division (EPTD) at IFPRI, and co-author of the paper entitled “Building back fairer from the Covid-19 Pandemic in South Africa”. Implementing the structural reforms identified by National Treasury’s 77-pager strategy will vastly improve South Africa’s economic performance in the long run, but in this podcast […]]]>
                </content:encoded>
                                    <enclosure url="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/1649038/c1e-39rd3sj9kvzan6jd1-romozv14ingj-hmaysr.mp3" length="14964106"
                        type="audio/mpeg">
                    </enclosure>
                                <itunes:summary>
                    <![CDATA[Post-pandemic, South Africa’s economy finds itself in a constrained fiscal environment yearning for economic growth. Without increased government spending, how can it rebuild itself in a way that reduces the uneven distribution of the pandemic’s burden? In this podcast, ERSA’s host is joined by Dr Channing Arndt, economist, head of the Environment and Production Technology Division (EPTD) at IFPRI, and co-author of the paper entitled “Building back fairer from the Covid-19 Pandemic in South Africa”. Implementing the structural reforms identified by National Treasury’s 77-pager strategy will vastly improve South Africa’s economic performance in the long run, but in this podcast […]]]>
                </itunes:summary>
                                    <itunes:image href="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/images/1649038/c1a-vjmd0-romozvjpcq9-jtfsvj.png"></itunes:image>
                                                                            <itunes:duration>00:53:11</itunes:duration>
                                                    <itunes:author>
                    <![CDATA[Economic Research Southern Africa]]>
                </itunes:author>
                            </item>
                    <item>
                <title>
                    <![CDATA[Isaah Mhlanga on a positive MTBPS: getting to know Finance Minister Enoch Godongwana]]>
                </title>
                <pubDate>Fri, 12 Nov 2021 11:32:42 +0000</pubDate>
                <dc:creator>Economic Research Southern Africa</dc:creator>
                <guid isPermaLink="true">
                    https://permalink.castos.com/podcast/57789/episode/1649039</guid>
                                    <link>https://economic-research-southern-africa-1.castos.com/episodes/isaah-mhlanga-on-a-positive-mtbps-getting-to-know-finance-minister-enoch-godongwana-2</link>
                                <description>
                                            <![CDATA[After our new Finance Minister Enoch Godongwana delivered his first Medium Term Budget Policy Speech, ERSA’s host speaks to Isaah Mhlanga, a Chief Economist at Alexander Forbes and ERSA fellow, to reflect on the much-anticipated speech. Did the MTBPS build confidence among South Africans and how did markets respond? In this podcast, we learn more about our new Finance Minister; what makes him different and how he is managing both political and social tensions that have been exacerbated since the pandemic. Riding off a recent commodity boom and tax revenue shortfall, were funds spent in the last year, well spent, […]]]>
                                    </description>
                <itunes:subtitle>
                    <![CDATA[After our new Finance Minister Enoch Godongwana delivered his first Medium Term Budget Policy Speech, ERSA’s host speaks to Isaah Mhlanga, a Chief Economist at Alexander Forbes and ERSA fellow, to reflect on the much-anticipated speech. Did the MTBPS build confidence among South Africans and how did markets respond? In this podcast, we learn more about our new Finance Minister; what makes him different and how he is managing both political and social tensions that have been exacerbated since the pandemic. Riding off a recent commodity boom and tax revenue shortfall, were funds spent in the last year, well spent, […]]]>
                </itunes:subtitle>
                                <itunes:title>
                    <![CDATA[Isaah Mhlanga on a positive MTBPS: getting to know Finance Minister Enoch Godongwana]]>
                </itunes:title>
                                                <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
                <content:encoded>
                    <![CDATA[After our new Finance Minister Enoch Godongwana delivered his first Medium Term Budget Policy Speech, ERSA’s host speaks to Isaah Mhlanga, a Chief Economist at Alexander Forbes and ERSA fellow, to reflect on the much-anticipated speech. Did the MTBPS build confidence among South Africans and how did markets respond? In this podcast, we learn more about our new Finance Minister; what makes him different and how he is managing both political and social tensions that have been exacerbated since the pandemic. Riding off a recent commodity boom and tax revenue shortfall, were funds spent in the last year, well spent, […]]]>
                </content:encoded>
                                    <enclosure url="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/1649039/c1e-dv0zdik0mg0cw807w-5rvr184rbon3-kvxz7t.mp3" length="53090487"
                        type="audio/mpeg">
                    </enclosure>
                                <itunes:summary>
                    <![CDATA[After our new Finance Minister Enoch Godongwana delivered his first Medium Term Budget Policy Speech, ERSA’s host speaks to Isaah Mhlanga, a Chief Economist at Alexander Forbes and ERSA fellow, to reflect on the much-anticipated speech. Did the MTBPS build confidence among South Africans and how did markets respond? In this podcast, we learn more about our new Finance Minister; what makes him different and how he is managing both political and social tensions that have been exacerbated since the pandemic. Riding off a recent commodity boom and tax revenue shortfall, were funds spent in the last year, well spent, […]]]>
                </itunes:summary>
                                    <itunes:image href="https://episodes.castos.com/645a424c5ac900-33698868/images/1649039/c1a-vjmd0-o8r8w12pu7ok-qx1qkz.png"></itunes:image>
                                                                            <itunes:duration>00:27:15</itunes:duration>
                                                    <itunes:author>
                    <![CDATA[Economic Research Southern Africa]]>
                </itunes:author>
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